Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Urbanization
Farm and agro
industry
Industrialization
Waste streams;
solid wastes;
discharges, etc.
Resource
exploitation
Forestry
Fertilizers,
herbicides,
insecticides, etc.
Tailings
Compaction,
erosion
Acid mine
drainage
Aquifer
FIGURE 1.5
Nature of geoenvironmental impacts resulting from activities associated with industrialization, urbanization,
resource exploitation, farm and agro industries, and timber harvesting.
Industrialization, urbanization,
resource exploitation
Waste streams,
waste containment systems,
emissions; discharges;
tailings ponds; dams, landfills;
barrier systems; liners
Agricultural activities
Farm wastes, soil erosion,
compaction, organic matter loss,
nitrification, fertilizers,
insecticides; pesticides,
emissions; discharges
Point and non-point source contaminants
deposition of airborne contaminants
Land surfaces, aquifer, groundwater, surface water, watershed,
receiving waters, e.g., lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, etc.
Site impact management and rehabilitation
Soil and sediment contaminant management and containment;
Toxicity reduction; Concentration reduction; Threat reduction and elimination;
Contaminant management and water treatment; Restoration of water quality;
Site remediation and rehabilitation.
FIGURE 1.6
Threats and waste streams from anthropogenic activities in support of industrialization, urbanization, and
resource exploitation, impacting on soil and water components of the physical land environment, and examples
of requirements for restoration of impacted lands to pre-impact states.
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