Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Carbon fiber tank
Sprinkler
Waterway
Filter unit
FIGURE 8.14
Puriication vessel to remove suspended solids from seawater.
(a)
(b)
FIGURE 8.15
(See color insert.) Plastic cylinders showing (a) noniltered and (b) iltered seawater obtained with puriication
units in the puriication vessel.
8.5.2 Sand Capping
Containment and isolation of nutrients and hazardous substances in sediments will
discourage eutrophication and prevent uptake of hazardous substances. Two methods
in use are (1) sand capping and (2) dredging removal and dumping on land. Sand cap-
ping is a procedure that places a bed of clean sand on the contaminated sediment. It
may be the easiest and one of the most economical ways to restore the health of the bot-
tom environment. In situ capping refers to placement of a covering or cap over an in situ
deposit of contaminated sediment (Palermo et al., 1998). The cap may be constructed of
clean sediments, sand, gravel, or may involve a more complex design using geotextiles,
liners, and multiple layers, as used for the capping of landill waste disposal sites. This
capping isolation procedure not only prevents resuspension of polluted ines and other
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