Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Airborne noxious particulates
smokestack emissions
SO 2 , NO x , etc.
Alternative renewable
energy sources
Energy
input
Industry initiative for
emission control
4Rs - reduce, recycle, recover, reuse
Liquid and solid wastes
Land surface
Wastewater treatment and secure landfill
disposal
FIGURE 4.6
Industry initiatives for amelioration of geoenvironmental impacts.
Amelioration of the contaminant loads and protection of the land environment are neces-
sary requirements to ensure and maintain the quality of the land and water elements of
the geoenvironment. The sustainability goals for these land environment elements are
(a) maintenance of the quality of the land environment and the receiving waters, (b) pro-
tection of biodiversity and natural habitats, and (c) protection of the natural (e.g., biotic and
organic) and geoenvironmental (e.g., mineral and energy) resources in the region of con-
sideration. The procedures and protocols in respect to impact minimization, avoidance,
and amelioration are developed in Chapter 10, together with considerations and require-
ments for remediation and management.
4.5 Agroprocessing Industries
Agroprocessing industries are the group of industries that form part of the larger group
identiied broadly as agroindustry . We can conveniently divide the agroindustry into two
categories: (1) agricultural production (farming), including crops and livestock (upstream
industries), and (2) agroprocessing industries, including midstream and downstream
industries, which can be grouped into food and nonfood industries (Figure 4.7). Details
of the agricultural production industries and their relationship to the geoenvironment
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