Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Mount Shaits
122
°
W
120
°
W
118
°
W
Nevada
38
°
N
California
NEVADA
Satter Butter
Felt
Region
Sacramento
I-IV
San Francisco
36
°
N
V
VI
VII
Freano
Pacific
Ocean
V
Bakerfield
Pacific Ocean
34
°
N
Los Angeles
Parkfield, California
27 June 1966
20:28:34.4 PST
100 km
San Diego
(a)
(b)
FIGURE 11.24
Parkfield, California: (a) location map, (b) intensity distribution of 1966 earthquake. (Courtesy of USGS.)
magnitude earthquakes. The location will be sufficiently far from the fault to allow for
drilling and coring deviated holes through the fault zone starting at a depth of about 3 km,
continuing through the fault zone until relatively undisturbed rock is reached on the other
side. In addition to sampling the rock and fluids, continuous monitoring will be made of
pore pressure, temperature, and strains within and adjacent to the fault.
In addition to the USGS, NASA, and the University of California at Berkeley, earthquake
research is being conducted by MCEER (Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake
Engineering Research), headquartered at the University of Buffalo.
11.3
Surface Effects on the Geologic Environment
11.3.1
Faulting
General
Geologic Aspects
The terminology, characteristics, and identification of faults and a summary of investiga-
tion methodology are given in
Section 6.5.
Importance in Earthquake Engineering
Shallow-focus earthquakes, usually the most destructive, are frequently associated with
faulting, which can consist of a single main fracture, or of a system including subsidiary
