Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
FIGURE 9.90
Debris avalanche scar along the Rio-Santos Highway at Praia Brava, Itaorna, Brazil. The slope form was
concave; location is around the bend from
Figure 9.89.
TABLE 9.7
Velocities of Slide Movements Before Total Failure and Solutions
a
Location
Material
Movement Velocity
Solution
Reference
Philippine Islands
Weathered rock
2 cm/day
Horizontal adits
Brawner (1975)
(open-pit mine)
Santos, Brazil
Collovium (cut)
2.5 cm/day
Trenches, galleries
Fox (1964)
Rio de Janeiro state,
Residuum (cut)
0.4-2.2 cm/day
None applied, no
Garga and
Brazil
total failure in 20 years
DeCampos (1977)
Rio Santos Highway, Residuum (cut)
2-3.5 cm/day for
Removal of failure
Hunt (1978) (see
Brazil
first 2 weeks, 30 cm/
mass
day during 6th weak,
then failure
Golden slide
Debris (cut)
2.5 cm/day
Horizontal drains,
Noble (1973)
vertical wells
Pipe Organ slide
Debris (cut)
5 cm/week
Gravity drains
Noble (1973)
Vaiont, Italy
Rock-mass
1 cm/week, then
Kiersch (1965)
translation
1 cm/day, then
20-30 cm/day and
alter 3 weeks, 80 cm/
day and failure
Portuguese Bend
Lateral spreading
1956-1957, 5-12 cm/yr
None
Easton (1973)
1958, 15-60 cm/yr
1961-1968, 1-3m/yr
1968, dramatic increase,
houses destroyed
1973, 8 cm/day during
dry season
1973, 10 cm/day during
wet season
1973, 15 cm/day during
heavy rains
No total mass failure
a
From examples given in Chapter 9.
