Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 8.6
Groundwater Control Methods and Common Applications
Engineering Problem
Method
Cutoff
Liners
a
X
X
Earth walls
a
X
X
Slurry walls
a,b,c
X
X
X
X
X
Ice walls
b
X
X
Concrete walls
a
X
X
X
X
X
Sheet pile walls
b
X
Grout walls
a,c
X
X
X
Dewater
Sump pumps
b
X
Wellpoints
b
X
X
X
Deep wells
b,c
X
X
X
X
X
Electro-osmosis
b
X
X
X
Drain
Blanket drains
a
X
X
X
X
Trench drains
a
X
X
X
Triangular drains
a
X
X
Circular vertical
X
drains
a
Circular sub-
X
X
X
horizontal drains
a,c
Drainage galleries
b
X
X
Relief or bleeder
X
X
X
wells
b,c
a
Permanent installation.
b
Construction control.
c
Corrective measure after construction.
Clay or plastic liners
are used to seal off leakage from off-channel reservoirs, waste-dis-
posal ponds, and sanitary landfills.
Asphaltic or coal-tar membranes
are used to waterproof the exterior of basement walls
below the water table. Where basement dampness is to be minimized, as in rooms with
delicate instruments, a layered system is used, alternating asphalt compounds with plas-
tics or epoxies.
Asphaltic concrete, concrete, or welded steel plates
have been used as impervious mem-
branes on the upstream slopes of dam embankments constructed of rock fill or gravel. At
times they are placed in the body of the dam (Sherard et al., 1963).
