Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Water control
60
%
Shear strength, c
456
ton/sq.ft.
Compressibility
0.01
sq.ft./ton
0
20
40
80
100
01
2
3
0
0.02
0.03
+81
O.D.
Brown
London
clay
20
1
Blue
m
v
c
= 100
40
London
Clay
PL
LL
60
W
80
100
120
140
Paddington
Test results at paddington
ft.
Water control
60
%
Shear strength, c
456
Ion/sq.ft.
Compressibility m
v
0.01
sq.ft./ ton
South
bank
Victoria
0
20
40
80
100
01
2
3
0
0.02
0.025
+13 O.D
+11 O.D
made
ground
River mud
and sand
Sandy
gravel
(brown)
20
Paddington
Paddington
40
Blue
London
clay
1
m
v
c
= 100
60
80
W
PL
LL
100
Sandy clay
(Basement)
(bed)
120
Fine
sand
140
ft.
Hard mottled
clay
(Wand R)
Victoria South bank
Test results at victoria and south bank
FIGURE 7.57
Characteristics of the London clay from locations given in
Figure 7.56a.
(From Skempton, A. W. and Henkel,
D. J.,
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering
, London, 1957,
p. 100. With permission.)
sea leaving relict seas or large lakes such as the Caspian Sea, or raise the seafloor to become
land surfaces with lakes such as Okeechobee in Florida forming in relict depressions, or
raise margins of areas to form basins such as Lake Victoria in Africa. Tilting of the land sur-
