Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Strain ellipsoid
Force couple
Axial plane
Fracture
cleavage
Axial plane
FIGURE 6.34
Fracture cleavage forms during folding.
6.4.2
Forms and Characteristics
Nomenclature
The various joint types and joint systems are summarized in Table 6.6.
Engineering Classifications
By Origin
Shear joints are formed by shearing forces such as occurring during faulting
and represent displacement in one direction that is parallel to the joint
surface.
Tension joints result from stress relief, cooling of the rock mass, etc., and represent
displacement in one direction that is normal to the joint surface.
Displacement joints represent displacement in two directions, one normal to the
fracture surface and the other parallel, indicating that displacement joints origi-
nate as tension joints.
 
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