Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
PART II
Characteristics of Geologic
Materials and Formations
Purpose and Scope
Part II provides the basis for the recognition, identification, and classification of the vari-
ous soil and rock types; describes them in terms of their origin, mode of occurrence, and
structural features in situ ; and presents the typical characteristics that are of engineering
significance.
Part II also provides the basis for recognizing the elements of that are of surface and sub-
surface water engineering significance for the selection of methods of controlling flooding,
erosion, subsurface flow, and seepage forces; and for environmental conservation with
regard to water.
Significance
The proper identification and classification of rock masses and soil formations permit
estimations of their characteristic properties from correlations.
Formations of rocks and soils have characteristic features that provide the basis for the
interpretation and determination of their constituents and, therefore, the basis for esti-
mating their engineering properties. In rock masses, properties are related to the charac-
teristics of intact blocks, mass discontinuities such as fractures and cavities, and the degree
of weathering. In soil formations, properties are strongly related to their origin and mode
of occurrence.
The characteristics of groundwater derive from its mode of occurrence and the nature of
the materials in which it is contained, since these factors control flow quantities, rates, and
seepage forces.
Correlations
Correlations among the various types of geologic materials and their characteristic engi-
neering properties are given in Chapters 3 and 5 for intact rock; Chapters 3, 5, and 6 for
rock masses in general, and Chapters 3 and 7 for soil formations. A general summary is
given in Appendix E.
 
Search WWH ::




Custom Search