Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 3.10
Tentative Criteria for Rating Soils with Regard to Drainage, Capillarity, and Frost Heaving Characteristics
a
Fineness
“Trace fine sand”
“Trace silt”
“Little silt”
“Some fine silt”
“Some clayey silt”
identification
b
(coarse and fine)
“Little clayey silt”
(clay soils dominating)
(fissured clay soils)
Approx. effective size,
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.074
0.074
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
D
10
(mm)
c
Drainage
Free drainage under
Drainage by
Drainage good to fair
Drains slowly,
Poor to Impervious
gravity excellent
gravity good
fair to poor
Approx. range of
k
(cm/s)
0.5
0.10
0.020
0.0010
0.0002
0.2
0.04
0.006
0.0004
0.0001
Deep wells
Well points successful
Capillarity
Negligible
Slight
Moderate
Moderate to high
High
Approx. rise in feet,
H
c
0.5
1.5
7.0
15.0
1.0
3.0
10.0
25.0
Frost heaving susceptibility
Nonfrost-heaving
Slight
Moderate to
Objectionable
Objectionable to
objectionable
moderate
Groundwater within 6 ft or
H
c
/2
a
Criteria for soils in a loose to medium-compact state. From Burmister D.M., ASTM Special Publication, 113, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA,
U.S.A.
b
Fineness classification is in accordance with the ASSE Classification System (
Table 5.34).
c
Hazen's D
10
: The grain size for which 10% of the material is finer.
