Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 3.8
Volume-Weight Relationships for Soils
a
Property
Saturated
Unsaturated
Illustration of Sample
Sample (
W
s
,
W
w
,
Sample (
W
s
,
W
w
,
G
s
, are Known)
G
s
,
V
are Known)
Volume Components
W
s
G
s
γ
w
b
Volume of solids
V
s
W
w
γ
w
b
Volume of water
V
w
Volume of air or gas
V
a
Zero
V
(
V
s
V
w
)
W
s
G
s
γ
w
W
w
γ
w
c
Volume of voids
V
v
V
Total volume of sample
V
V
s
V
w
Measured
V
v
V
e
Porosity
n
or
1
e
V
v
V
s
Void ratio
e
(G
ra
s)-1
Weights for Specific Sample
Weight of solids
W
s
Measured
Weight of water
W
w
Measured
Total weight of sample
W
t
W
s
W
w
Weights for Sample of Unit Volume
W
s
W
w
W
s
V
V
s
Dry-unit weight
γ
d
V
w
W
s
W
w
W
s
W
w
V
V
s
Wet-unit weight
γ
t
V
w
W
s
W
w
W
s
W
w
γ
w
V
V
s
Saturated-unit weight
γ
s
V
w
γ
w
c
Submerged (buoyant) unit
γ
s
weight
γ
b
Combined relations
W
w
W
s
Moisture content
w
V
w
V
v
γ
t
e
Degree of saturation
S
1.00
γ
d
1
γ
s
γ
d
γ
w
1
W
e
W
s
V
s
γ
w
Specific gravity
G
s
a
After NAVFAC, Design manual DM-7.1,
Soil Mechanics, Foundations and Earth Structures
, Naval facilities
Engineering Command, Alexandria, VA, 1982.
b
γ
w
is unit weight of water, which equals 62.4 pcf for fresh water and 64 pcf for sea water (1.00 and 1.025 g/cm
3
).
c
The actual unit weight of water surrounding the soil is used. In other cases use 62.4 pcf. Values of
w
and
s
are
used as decimal numbers.
