Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 3.3
Soils: Laboratory Testing
Property or Test
Applications
Section
Basic Properties
Correlations, classification
Specific gravity
Material identification
3.2.3
Void ratio computation
Moisture or water content
Material correlations in the natural state
3.2.3
Computations of dry density
Computations of Atterberg limits
Density: natural (unit weight)
Material correlations
3.2.3
Engineering analysis
Density: maximum
Relative density computations
3.2.3
Moisture-density relationships
Density: minimum
Relative density computations
3.2.3
Optimum-moisture density
Moisture-density relationships for field
3.2.3
compaction control
Sonic velocities
Computations of dynamic properties
3.5.3
Index Properties
Correlations, classification
Gradation
Material classification
3.2.3
Property correlations
Liquid limit
Computation of plasticity index
3.2.3
Material classification
Property correlations
Plastic limit
Computation of plasticity index
3.2.3
Field identifications
5.3.6
Shrinkage limit
Material correlations
3.2.3
Organic content
Material classification
3.2.3
Permeability
Measurements of
k
in
Constant head
Free-draining soil
3.3.3
Falling head
Slow-draining soil
3.3.3
Consolidometer
Very slow draining soil (clays)
3.5.4
Rupture Strength
Measurements of
Triaxial shear (compression or
Peak undrained strengh
s
a
, cohesive soils
3.4.4
extension)
(UU test)
Peak drained strength,
_
,
_
, all soils
φ
,
c
,
φ
Direct shear
Peak drained strength parameters
3.4.4
_
Ultimate drained strength
φ
r
cohesive soils
Simple shear
Undrained and drained parameters
3.4.4
Unconfined compression
Unconfined compressive strength for
3.4.4
cohesive soils
Approximately equals 2
s
a
Vane shear
Undrained strength
s
a
for clays
3.4.4
Ultimate undrained strengths
s
r
Torvane
Undrained strengths
s
a
3.4.4
Ultimate undrained strength
s
r
(estimate)
Pocket penetrometer
Unconfined compressive strength
3.4.4
(estimate)
California bearing ratio
CBR value for pavement design
3.4.4
Deformation (static)
Measurements of
Consolidation test
Compression vs. load and time in clay soil
3.5.4
Triaxial shear test
Static deformation moduli
3.5.4
Expansion test
Swell pressures and volume change
3.5.4
in the consolidometer
Dynamic Properties
Cyclic triaxial
Low-frequency measurements of dynamic
3.5.5
moduli (
E
,
G
,
D
), stress vs. strain and
strength
3.4.4
(
Continued
)
