Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
extensive testing was employed or engineering properties were evaluated by back-analysis
of failures, provide data for preliminary engineering studies as well as a check on the rea-
sonableness of data obtained during investigation.
Data on typical basic, index, and engineering properties are given throughout the topic
for general reference. A summation of the tables and figures providing these data is given
in Appendix E.
3.1.3
Testing Methods Summarized
General
A general summary of the significant basic, index, and engineering properties of soil and
rock, and an indication of whether they are measured in the laboratory, in situ, or both, is
given in Table 3.1.
TABLE 3.1
Measurement of Geotechnical Properties of Rock and Soil
Laboratory Test
In Situ
Property
Rock
Soil
Rock
Soil
(a) Basic Properties
Specific gravity
X
X
Porosity
X
X
Void ratio
X
Moisture content
X
X
X
X
Density
X
X
X
X
Natural
X
X
Maximum
X
Minimum
X
Relative
X
X
Optimum moisture density
X
Hardness
X
Durability
X
Reactivity
X
X
Sonic-wave characteristics
X
X
X
X
(b) Index Properties
Grain-size distribution
X
Liquid limit
X
Plastic limit
X
Plasticity index
X
Shrinkage limit
X
Organic content
X
Uniaxial compression
X
Point-load index
X
(c) Engineering Properties
Permeability
X
X
X
X
Deformation moduli: static or dynamic
X
X
X
X
Consolidation
X
X
Expansion
X
X
X
X
Extension strain
X
X
Strength
Unconfined
X
X
Confined
Static
X
X
X
X
Dynamic
X
California bearing ratio (CBR)
X
X
 
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