Wind Turbine Control Systems - Wind Turbine Technology: Fundamental Concepts of Wind Turbine Engineering - page 753

Measured
Wind
disturbances

Measured
Wind
disturbances

Lidar
sensor

Lidar
sensor

Feed-forward
controller

Feed-forward
controller

Outputs
(rotor-speed,
etc.)

Outputs
(rotor-speed,
etc.)

+ +

+ +

Desired
set-point

Desired
set-point

Feed-back
controller

Feed-back
controller

Σ Σ

Turbine Turbine

+ +

Pitch
command

Pitch
command

− −

Figure 14-7. Control diagram illustrating a potential application of feed-forward con-
trols. LIDAR measurements of disturbances in the wind field upwind of the turbine are
factored into blade pitch commands.

fiber optic sensors . The goal is to develop “smart” rotor blades with imbedded sensors and
actuators that are reliable, maintenance free, do not add significant weight and cost, and are
effective for blade fatigue load mitigation. Recent advances in the technology of wind tur-
bine controls are described in [International Energy Agency (IEA) 2008]. Future research
will include further development of actuators and sensors, and proof of their effectiveness
through wind tunnel and full-scale tests.

Current References

Burton, T., D. Sharpe, N. Jenkins, and E. Bossanyi, 2001, Wind Energy Handbook , John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd, (New York), pp. 488−489.

Bossanyi, E.A, 1987, “Adaptive Pitch Control for a 250 kW Wind Turbine,” Proceedings,
9 th BWEA Wind Energy Conference, Edinburgh, Scotland: British Wind Energy
Association, pp. 85-92.

Bossanyi, E. A., 2000, “The design of closed loop controllers for wind turbines.” Wind
Energy 2000; 3: 149-163.

Bossanyi, E. A., 2003, “Individual Blade Pitch Control for Load Reduction,” Wind Energy ,
6: pp. 119-128.

Bossanyi, E. A., 2003a, GH Bladed Theory Manual , Issue No. 12, 282/BR/009, Bristol,
UK: Garrad Hassan and Partners Limited.

Bossanyi, E. A., 2003b, GH Bladed Version 3.6 User Manual , 282/BR/010, Bristol, UK:
Garrad Hassan and Partners Limited.