Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 3-14. The prototype Kaman
40-kW HAWT. (
Courtesy of the U.S.
Department of Energy
)
Figure 3-15. The prototype McDonnell
40-kW giromill VAWT.
(
Courtesy of the
U.S. Department of Energy
)
-- market penetration barriers;
-- market characterization and demographics;
-- markets with near-term high potential;
-- decision analysis for the small-system user;
-- economics of small systems owned by the end user;
-- product liability insurance;
-- industry consensus standards;
-- producibility of small-scale turbines;
-- effects of production rates on the economics of small systems.
The electrical stability and safety implications of many wind turbines distributed over a
utility distribution grid were studied, as well as the potential electrical and aerodynamic
interactions between multiple units at a given location.
Similar studies relating speciically to the farm and rural use of small-scale wind
turbines were performed or sponsored by the USDA. Topics included economic analyses
of wind-powered
-- irrigation pumping;
-- space heating systems for farm houses and other buildings;
-- grain drying;
-- refrigeration;
-- water heating.
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