Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Nutrient balance on agricultural area
Nutrient surplus in the top soil
Nutrient leaching
from the root zone
Retention & losses
in the unsaturated
zone
Retention &
losses in the
groundwater
Nutrient emissions into the river systems
Nutrient retention and losses in the river systems
Nutrient load in the rivers
Nutrient linputs into the sea
Fig. 22.5 Paths of nutrients within MONERIS (Behrendt et al. 1999)
G-CIEMS
Geo-Referenced Multimedia Environmental Fate Model (G-CIEMS) is a dynamic
forecasting model. Suzuki et al. (2004) applied a GIS to make the model spatially
resolved, georeferenced and multi-medial. The fate model projects explicit information
of the distributions of chemicals in the media air, waters, and soils. Transports between
different media with topographically different shapes are calculated based on the
projected area or distance. The case study for Japan was based on air grid cells,
catchments and river segments performing the projection for air pollutants.
G-CIEMS
calculates exposure-weighted averaged concentrations in air to approximate the
