Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
competition (density-dependence), stochasticity in demography and dispersal, and
habitat heterogeneities. Both biological examples presented here came from inva-
sion ecology, in which it is particularly essential to account for rare events (e.g.
long-range dispersal events, catastrophic environmental variations). Indeed, quan-
tifying invasion risks must rely on probabilities associated with scenarios rather
than on an average behaviour.
In addition to invasion ecology (Buckley et al. 2005; Jacquemyn et al. 2005 and
the two examples presented here), integro-differential models have also been
applied to conservation biology (Bullock et al. 2008), epidemiology (Medlock
and Kot 2003), evolutionary models in population genetics (Champagnat et al.
2006), studies on mixed reproductive strategies in plants (Le Corff and Horvitz
2005) and on mechanisms of seed dispersal by wind (Soons and Bullock 2008).
