Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter
8
UV-Visible and Infrared
Spectroscopic Methods
in Environmental Analysis
8.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PRINCIPLES OF SPECTROSCOPY
8.2 UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY
8.3
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
8.4 PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF UV-VISIBLE AND INFRARED SPECTROMETRY
REFERENCES
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS
This chapter and the remaining chapters of this text are the survey
of various
instrumental techniques used in environmental analysis. This
survey
is aimed at
providing essential information for readers who are dealing with these
instrumentations for the first time. The specific aims of this chapter are to
introduce the spectroscopic principles that are fundamental to all spectroscopic
analysis (namely, UV-VIS, IR, and NMR) and the applications of UV-VIS and
IR in environmental measurement. Although the UV-VIS technique is a
workhorse in average environmental laboratories due to its availability of
standard methods, simplicity and low cost, IR technique has also found its wide
applications in monitoring air pollution and in related industrial hygiene
analysis.
To help the reader fully comprehend spectroscopic principles without going into
much theoretical detail (e.g., quantum mechanics) is a considerable challenge. With
a focus on UV-VIS and IR spectroscopy in this chapter, we start with the mechanism
of radiation absorption from the molecular level (orbital theories) so that the reader
will fully appreciate what environmental chemicals are subject to UV-VIS and IR
analysis. Our discussions will then be focused on their use as a quantitative tool to
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