Methodology and Quality Assurance/Quality Control of Environmental Analysis - Fundamentals of Environmental Sampling and Analysis - page 108

gasoline range organics (GRO) and diesel range organics (DRO). Other countries
have their own standard governmental and nongovernmental methodologies, but for
the most part, they share a great deal of resemblance in the technical aspects to the
U.S. methods.
To summarize, Table 5.2 illustrates the complex nature of various analytical
methodologies for selected compounds. Detailed cross-references of various
compounds under different programs (CWA, SDWA, RCRA, CAA) can be found
in Lee (2000) and Smith (1997).

Table 5.2 Cross-references of selected analytes

Parameter EPA Std method ASTM USGS AOAC

BOD 5 405.1 5210 B — I-1578-78 973.44

Lead, total 239.1 3111B or C D3559-90 I-3399-85 974.27

(AA Direct (A or B)

aspiration)
Mercury, total 245.1 3112 B D3233-91 I-3462-85 977.22

(Manual cold
vapor)
Cr 6þ , dissolved — 3500-Cr D D1687-92(A) I-1230-85 —

(Colorimetric)
Pyrene 610 (GC), 6410B, D4657-87 — —

625, 1625 6440 B

(GC/MS),
610 (HPLC)

Tetrachloroethene 601 (GC), 6230B, — — —

624, 1624 6410B

(GC/MS)

5.2 SELECTION OF STANDARD METHODS

Given a wide variety of sampling and analytical methods (Section 5.1), it appears
to be a daunting task for anyone to select the proper methods in meeting a project's
particular need. Perhaps this is only partially true. At first, professionals involved
in sampling and analysis should have their own preferred method of choice
depending upon their disciplines and/or jurisdiction. Such boundaries are generally
clear, for example, EPA methods are for environmental compliance or regulatory
monitoring, USGS methods are for water resource related survey, OSHA/NIOSH
methods are for industrial hygiene testing, and AOAC methods are for food and
agricultural products. In other cases, the differences are not much clear and several
methods may apply. For example, one can choose existing EPA, APHA, or USGS
methods for stream water quality monitoring. Even within the EPA methods,
several protocols are likely applicable. The investigator should then consider other