Environmental Sampling Techniques - Fundamentals of Environmental Sampling and Analysis - page 95

2. Which one of the following should be monitored in the field: (a) acidity, (b) DO,
(c) pesticide, or (d) hardness?
3. Describe all possible physical, chemical and biological changes that can occur for the
following compounds during the sample holding period: (a) Oil, (b) S 2 ,(c)CN , (d) phenols.
4. Describe all possible physical, chemical and biological changes that can occur for the
following compounds during the sample holding period: (a) chlorinated solvents,
(b) PAHs, (c) metals.
5. Explain why: (a) HNO 3 rather than other acids is used for metal preservation; (b) amber
bottle is preferred for PAHs; (c) zero-head space container for groundwater samples
collected for tetrachloroethylene analysis.
6. What special precautions need to be aware of regarding sampling for VOCs analysis for
each of the following: (a) Sampling sequence relative to other analytes; (b) Sample
container; (c) sample compositing.
7. Explain potential contaminants that may leach from sample containers or sampling tools
made of: (a) glass, (b) PVC, (c) plastics, (d) stainless steel.
8. Explain why glass containers are generally used for organic compounds whereas PVC-
type containers are used for inorganic compounds?
9. Describe the difference between the Kemmerer sampler and the von Dorn sampler.
Which one is particularly suitable for estuarine water sampling?
10. Which one of the following is used in the sampling of hazardous waste: (a) Ekman
dredge, (b) Kemmerer, (c) Ponar, or (d) Coliwasa?
11. The maximum holding time for metal analysis (excluding Cr 6þ and dissolved Hg) after
acidification to pH < 2 is most likely: (a) 6 h, (b) 6 days, (c) 6 weeks, (d) 6 months.
12. Which of the following is used to preserve samples for the analysis of total metals
(excluding Cr and Hg): (a) Cool, 4 C, (b) NaOH to pH > 12, (c) H 2 SO 4 to pH < 2,
(d) HNO 3 to pH < 2?
13. A ''thief'' is a two-concentric tube tool used to collect: (a) granular, particles, and
powdered waste, (b) liquid waste, (c) sticky and moisture waste, or (d) hard soils?
14. Which one of the following is used to collect air samples for the analysis of low
concentrations of organic contaminants: (a) TSP sampler, (b) PM-10 sampler, (c) PS-1
sampler, (d) impinger.
15. Which of the following sampling device/media is based on absorption and/or chemical
reaction: (a) impinger, (b) XRD sorbent, (c) Tedlar bag, (d) canister?
16. A bailer is commonly used to collect: (a) surface water sample, (b) groundwater well
sample, (c) liquid hazardous waste sample, (d) none of above.
17. Which of the following is the best for VOCs sampling from groundwater well: (a) bailer,
(b) air-lift pump, (c) peristaltic pump, (d) bladder pump? Explain.
18. Suppose you are recently hired as an entry level Environmental Field Specialist in a new
firm dealing with groundwater remediation where a sampling and analysis plan (SAP) has
not been developed. You are assigned as an assistant to a Project Manager for groundwater
sampling, and are asked to do the office preparation for this sampling event. Make a list of
items you may need in the field. Exclude containers and sampling tools in this list.
19. Threewells are located in x and y plane at the following coordinates:Well 1 (0,0), Well 2 (100
m, 0), andWell 3 (100m, 100m). The ground surface is level and the distance from the surface