Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
Spikes & Spines
Marine spikes found on sea urchins, stonefish, scorpion fish and stin-
grays can cause severe local pain. If this occurs, immerse the affected area in hot water
(as high a temperature as possible). Keep topping up with hot water until the pain sub-
sides and medical care can be reached. Stonefish antivenin is available.
CROCODILES
The risk of crocodile attack in tropical northern Australia is real but predictable and largely
preventable. Discuss the local risk with police or tourist agencies in the area before swim-
ming in rivers, waterholes (even far inland) and in the sea, and always heed warning
signs.
SHARKS
Despite extensive media coverage (SA in particular has a bad rep), the risk of shark at-
tack in Australian waters is no greater than in other countries with expansive coastlines.
That said, check with local surf life-saving groups and surfers about risks.
SNAKES
Risks
Australian snakes have a fearful reputation, but the actual risk to travellers and loc-
als is low. Snakes are usually quite timid and, in most instances, will move away if dis-
turbed. Prevent bites by wearing protective clothing (such as gaiters) around the lower
legs when bushwalking.
Treatment
If bitten, prevent the spread of venom by applying pressure to the wound and
immobilising the area with a splint or sling before seeking medical attention. Firmly wrap
an elastic bandage (or a T-shirt) around the entire limb, but not so tight as to cut off the
circulation.
SPIDERS
Australia has several poisonous spiders. In central Australia, redback spider bites cause
increasing pain at the site, profuse sweating, muscular weakness and nausea. If bitten,
apply ice or cold packs to the bite then transfer to hospital.
Heat Exhaustion, Heatstroke & Dehydration
Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion occurs when fluid intake does not keep up with fluid
loss. Symptoms include dizziness, fainting, fatigue, nausea or vomiting, and pale, cool
and clammy skin. Treatment consists of rest in a cool, shady place and fluid replacement
with water or diluted sports drinks.
Heatstroke
Heatstroke is a severe form of heat illness that occurs after fluid depletion or
extreme heat challenge from heavy exercise. Extreme heatstroke is a true medical emer-
gency, with heating of the brain leading to disorientation, hallucinations and seizures.
