Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
on different forms of data presentation so that
some of the critical observations (without going
for in-depth analysis) can be extracted meaning-
fully from the data as such.
Different forms of presentation of data are:
(1) Textual form, (2) Tabular form, (3) Dia-
grammatic form
1.
classes represent the rows of the table, and
the heading “classes” at the top left corner of
the table is the stub. With the help of this stub,
one can extract the features of the rows in
a table.
Caption
: Caption describes the content of each
and every column. Thus, “mid value,” “fre-
quency,” etc., are the captions for the different
columns in Tables
8.1
and
8.2
. With the help of
the “mid value” or “frequency,” one can under-
stand how the mid values or the frequencies are
changing over different classes (stub).
Textual Form
: In a textual form of data pre-
sentation, information is presented in a form
of a paragraph. In many of the research papers
or articles, while discussing the findings of the
research outcome, this method is adopted for
explanation.
2.
Tabular Form
: It is the most widely used form
of data presentation. A large number of data
can be presented in a very efficient manner in
a table. At the same time, it can bring out
some of the essential features of the data.
Frequency distribution tables presented in
previous section are the example of efficient
use of tables to present data. A table consists
of the following parts: (1) title, (2) stub,
(3) caption, (4) body, and (5) footnote.
Body
: Relevant information is given in the
body of a table.
Footnote
: Footnotes are not compulsory but
may be used to indicate the source of informa-
tion or a special notation (if) used in the table.
Though a tabular form is more appealing than
a textual form of presentation, it is only appli-
cable to literate and educated persons.
3.
Diagrammatic Form
: Keeping in mind the
variety of users, this form of representation
is more convincing and appealing than the
other forms of data presentation. This form
of presentation is easily understood by any
person, layman as well as an educated person.
Different diagrammatic forms of presentation
are (a)
Title
: The title of a table gives a brief descrip-
tion of the content or the subject matter pre-
sented in a table. Generally, the title is written
in short and concise form such that it becomes
easily visible and eye-catching at a glance and
through light to the content of the table.
line diagram
, (b)
bar diagram
, (c)
Title :
histogram
, (d)
frequency polygon
, (e)
cumula-
stub
tive frequency curve or Ogive
, (f)
pie charts
,
…………….Caption
...............................
, etc.; within
each type, there may be variant types.
In the following section, taking the yield data,
different forms of diagrammatic presentation as
obtained by using MS Excel are presented below.
(a) A frequency line for discrete as well as for
continuous distributions can be represented
graphically by drawing ordinates equal to the
frequency on a convenient scale at different
values of the variable,
(g)
pictorial diagrams
, (h)
maps
Foot Note :
Fig. : Different parts of a table
. For the example of
yield, we shall have different yield classes on
the horizontal
X
Stub
: A table is divided into a number of
rows and columns. Stub is used to describe
the contents of the rows of a table. Different
X
-axis and frequencies on the
vertical
Y
-axis as shown in Fig.
8.1
.
