Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 12.4
(continued)
Coefficients
a
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized Coefficients
Model
B
Std. Error
Beta
t
Sig.
10
(Constant)
340.110
52.148
6.522
.000
x6
.620
.261
.068
2.372
.025
x7
1.525
1.055
.050
1.445
.160
x8
1.272
.498
.087
2.555
.017
x10
2.899
.140
.431
20.665
.000
x11
60.223
2.892
.971
20.822
.000
36.805
.144
3.266
x12
11.268
.003
x16
24.120
8.060
.085
2.993
.006
x17
57.886
15.515
.265
3.731
.001
x18
5.826
1.998
.185
2.916
.007
x19
8.538
2.444
.104
3.494
.002
391.643
10.092
11
(Constant)
38.809
.000
x6
.424
.228
.046
1.860
.074
x8
.744
.345
.051
2.156
.040
x10
2.858
.140
.425
20.394
.000
x11
58.289
2.615
.940
22.289
.000
37.182
.145
3.236
x12
11.490
.003
x16
22.678
8.157
.079
2.780
.010
x17
53.322
15.493
.244
3.442
.002
x18
5.176
1.985
.165
2.607
.015
x19
7.772
2.433
.095
3.194
.004
444.651
16.179
12
(Constant)
27.483
.000
x8
.323
.272
.022
1.189
.244
x10
2.820
.145
.419
19.504
.000
x11
57.403
2.682
.926
21.403
.000
x12
33.111
11.765
.129
2.814
.009
x16
26.011
8.301
.091
3.134
.004
x17
50.397
16.076
.230
3.135
.004
x18
4.647
2.049
.148
2.268
.031
x19
8.575
2.498
.105
3.433
.002
13
(Constant)
453.177
26.720
16.960
.000
x10
2.842
.144
.423
19.687
.000
x11
58.011
2.652
.935
21.878
.000
x12
35.905
11.610
.140
3.093
.004
x16
26.245
8.357
.092
3.140
.004
x17
53.008
16.039
.242
3.305
.003
5.016
.160
2.458
x18
2.040
.020
x19
9.225
2.455
.113
3.758
.001
a. Dependent Variable: y
which two or more variables are related with each
other. Can anyone say the variables cause each
other? Can anyone assign any direction of causal-
ity?
12.5
Regression vs. Causality
Regression does not necessarily mean cause and
effect relationship. Let us consider situations in
can help in
finding which variable is the cause of other one
Granger's test
for causality
