Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
this depends on the help and guidance of
psychologists, experts, etc. Why a group of
people in a particular area prefers a particular
type of tea may be one of the examples of
qualitative research. Qualitative research uses
techniques like word association test, sentence
test, or story competition test. Exit or opinion
poll is conducted during election in determining
how people react to political manifestoes,
candidatures, etc., and in deciding the outcomes
of election.
for existing methods. It is generally adopted
by the philosopher and policy makers or policy
thinkers.
1.2.8.8 Original Research
To some extent, original research is fundamental
or basic in nature. This is not exclusively based
on a summary, review, or synthesis of earlier
publications on the subject of research. The
objective of original research is to add new
knowledge rather than to present the existing
knowledge in a new form. An original work
may be an experimental one, may be an explor-
atory one, and may be an analytical one. The
originality of research is one of the major criteria
for accessing a research program.
1.2.8.6 Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is another kind of research
in which systematic investigations having quan-
titative property and phenomenon are consid-
ered. Their relationships are worked out in this
research. Quantitative research designs are
experimental, correlational, and descriptive in
nature. It has the ability to measure or quantify
phenomena and analyze them numerically. Sta-
tistics derived from quantitative research can
be used in establishing the associative or causal
relationship among the variables. Fluctuations
relating to performance of various business
concerns, measured in terms of quantity or data,
and agricultural experiments relating to measure-
ment of quantitative characters and their correla-
tional activities are examples of quantitative
research. Quantitative research depends on the
collection of data, the accuracy of data collection
instruments, and the consistency and efficiency
of the data. Utilization of proper statistical tool in
testing of hypothesis or in measuring the estimate
of the treatments is the prerequisite of the quality
inference drawn from this type of research.
1.2.8.9 Artistic Research
One of the characteristics of artistic research is
that it is subjective in nature, unlike those used in
conventional scientific methods. Thus, artistic
research, to some extent, may have similarity
with qualitative research. Artistic research is
mainly used to investigate and taste an artistic
activity in gaining knowledge for artistic
disciplines. These are based on artistic methods,
practice, and criticality. The main emphasis is
enriching the knowledge and understanding the
field of arts.
1.2.8.10 Action Research
Action research is mostly specific problem
oriented. The objective of this type of research
is to find out reasons and to understand any
situation to go deep into the problem so that an
action-oriented solution could be attended.
This is mostly used in social science researches;
participation of local people is the main charac-
teristic feature of this type of research. There are
three main steps in action research: (1) examin-
ing and analyzing the problem with local
people's participation, (2) deciding upon actions
to be taken under the given situations in collabo-
ration with active local people's participation,
and (3) monitoring and evaluating so as to eradi-
cate constraints and improve upon the action
1.2.8.7 Conceptual Research
Conceptual research leads to an outline of
conceptual framework to be used for a possible
course of action in a research program. Thus,
conceptual researches are aimed at formulating
intermediate theory that is related to, or connected
to, all aspects of inquiry. Conceptual research is
related to the development of new concepts
or innovations and interpretations of new ideas
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