Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.5.1 Examples of subsurface carbon sequestration monitoring approaches
Temporal Classifi cation
Approach
Comment
Time-lapse snapshots
3D surface seismic
Expensive, fair spatial resolution, does not require wells.
Vertical seismic profi le (VSP)
Good vertical resolution. Limited to near-well area.
Crosswell Tomography/Imaging
Good spatial resolution. Requires more than one well for seismic
or electrical geophysical methods.
Well logging (RST, Sonic,
Resistivity, P/T)
RST
=
Reservoir Saturation Tool; Sonic
=
Local Seismic Velocity;
Resistivity
=
Electrical Resistivity; P/T
=
Pressure and Temperature.
Continuous monitoring
U-Tube fl uid sampling
Formally intermittent, but frequency can be large enough relative
to fl uid fl ow to be considered continuous.
CASSM (Continuous Active-
Source Seismic Monitoring)
Good for discerning temporal evolution of CO 2 plume.
ERT (Electrical Resistance
Tomography)
Good for discerning temporal evolution of fl uid movement, phase
saturation change.
DTPS (Distributed Temperature
Perturbation Sensing)
Good for estimating phase saturation around well.
Deep Borehole Microseismic
Monitors fl uid pressure migration due to injection through detection
of induced microcracking and microseismic events.
Source : Daley et al. [10.47].
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