Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
25.
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and direct measurements for wind assessment. Paper presented at
Proceedings
,
Windpower 2007
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Windpower '95
, p. 57.
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J. L. Obermier. 2000. Single variable comparison of calibrated results for NRG maximum 40 anemom-
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Proceedings
,
Windpower 2000
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P. C. Putnam. 1948.
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PROBLEMS
1. If there is a wind map for your nation, what is the wind speed or wind power potential
near your location?
2. What is the average wind speed offshore in the ocean south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts?
Use ocean wind data or
Figure 4.1
.
3. For South Dakota (Figure 4.2), make an educated guess of percent area with wind class 5
and above.
4. For the offshore wind map for Europe (
Figure 4.7
)
, what regions have the highest wind
power potential?
5. What region of Nicaragua has the best wind power potential? Go to NREL, international
wind maps.
6. What offshore location for Texas has the highest wind speeds at 10 m height? Use
Figure 4.6
or map (reference 22).
7. Go to
www.windmap.org
.
Stateline wind farm is located near the boundary of Oregon
and Washington. The Columbia River forms the boundary as it comes out of Washington.
Just east of where it crosses the border, the boundary is straight. The wind farm is located
there, primarily in Oregon. Go to the Oregon wind map. What is the highest wind class
for the project area? On a large map, zoom in once. Can you obtain a larger image by
going to the interactive tool on the left navigation bar?
8. You have a tall tower, 13 cm in diameter. How far should the anemometer be placed away
from the tower?
9. You are installing anemometers on an existing guyed lattice tower (three sides, each side
is 1.5 m wide) for radio communication. How far should the anemometer be placed away
from the tower?
10. You are installing anemometers on a stand-alone, lattice tower for radio communication.
The tower has three sides, and each side is 4 m wide at 10 m height. Compare the recom-
mended length with a practical length of the boom (mounting pipe or bracket).
11. Why were the propeller anemometers for horizontal wind measurements on the turbulent
characterization tower (
Figure 4.12
)
replaced with cup anemometers?
12. Are there any examples of vegetation indicators of wind in your region? What wind speed
do they indicate?
13. With a laser system for measuring wind speed, you do not need a tower. What is the rea-
son for not employing a laser system?
14. You want to measure the wind speeds and direction at three levels (10, 25, and 50 m) at
six sites (dispersed across your state) for 2 years. Estimate the cost for equipment and
people (installation, data collection, and data analysis). You may choose any type of data
logger, tower, data retrieval, and analysis.
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