Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
AC wind turbines
System control
Dispatched
loads
AC bus
Load
Diesel gensets
Control
dump
loads
Fly wheel
storage
(c)
FIGURE 10.2
(
Continued
)
system
(
Figure 10.3
) with battery storage [25, 26]. Wind turbines (3,250 kW) were added to the
diesel system (four 1,200 kW) on King Island, between Tasmania and Australia, and wind power
provided 18% of the electrical demand. In 2003, another 1,700 kW of wind power and a 200 kW
battery and inverter system were added [27] to produce around 50% of the electrical demand. The
large-flow vanadium redox battery reduces the variability of the wind energy.
Wind-diesel and wind hybrid systems are now available for village power, so the wind becomes an
integral part of the original design [28]. A number of wind turbine manufacturers have wind-diesel
or wind hybrid options [24]. These range from simple, no storage systems to complex, integrated
systems with battery storage and dump loads.
Installation of wind-diesel systems and associated R&D has taken place for a number of years.
There have been many configurations, but not too much consensus and replication. The technology
is still not mature, and the village power market is not large enough. There is a lot of information
from proceedings of wind-diesel workshops [21].
TABLE 10.5
Penetration (Class and Percent) for Wind-Diesel Systems
Peak
Instantaneous
Class
Operating Characteristics
Annual Average
Low
Diesel runs full-time
50%
20%
Wind power reduces net load on diesel
All wind energy goes to primary load
No supervisory control system
Medium
Diesel runs full-time
50-100%
20-50%
At high wind power levels, secondary loads dispatched to ensure
sufficient diesel loading or wind generation is curtailed
Requires relatively simple control system
100-400%
50-150%
High
Diesels may be shut down during high wind availability
Auxiliary components required to regulate voltage and frequency
Requires sophisticated control systems
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