Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.1: Yields of atmospheric (345
◦
C) and vacuum residues (565
◦
C) as volume percent
of crude [From ref.
27
. Reprinted with permission].
Crude
Arab
Light
Arab
Heavy
Maya
Boscan
Cold
Lake
North Sea
Ekofisk
Kuwait
export
Yield
345
◦
C
44
.
6
53
.
8
56
.
4
82
.
9
83
.
1
52
.
6
45
.
9
565
◦
C
14
.
8
23
.
2
31
.
2
50
.
0
18
.
0
21
.
8
Density (kg/L)
0
.
86
0
.
89
0
.
93
1
.
04
1
.
00
0
.
88
0
.
89
Sulfur (wt.%)
1
.
8
2
.
9
3
.
8
5
.
2
4
.
9
0
.
4
4
.
1
Nitrogen (wt.%)
0
.
1
0
.
2
0
.
3
0
.
5
0
.
6
0
.
2
0
.
4
Vanadium (ppm)
In crude
18
50
273
1220
160
4
55
In 345
◦
C
40
93
484
1470
190
8
120
In 565
◦
C
120
215
870
320
22
250
Nickel (ppm)
In crude
4
16
50
120
80
2
20
In 345
◦
C
9
30
90
145
96
4
43
In 565
◦
C
27
70
161
160
11
90
CCR (wt.%)
3
7
15
20
19
4
11
Figure 2.4: Simplified flowsheet of petroleum refinery.
