Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
10
16
cm
3
/s. The above values of
k
ef
show that the chain of processes
we are considering leads to reduction of the breakdown electric field strength by
several times.
We consider the ozone version of breakdown reduction to be merely illustrative,
being guided by breakdown in homogeneous air, whereas breakdown in the atmo-
sphere at large distances between electrodes develops in the form of a streamer, a
nonuniform ionization wave, which requires lower threshold fields than uniform
breakdown. Nevertheless, the above analysis illustrates important reasons for re-
duction of the electric field required to cause breakdown in natural air. Other rea-
sons for a reduction in the breakdown threshold are heating of some regions of the
atmosphere, the presence of particles, drops, or chemical compounds in the atmo-
sphere, inhomogeneities of the electric field, and so on. This listing exemplifies the
wide variety of processes that can influence atmospheric electric properties.
k
ef
2
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