Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Ta b l e 6 . 6
Elementary collision processes in
the Earth's atmosphere. The wavelength (
λ
)
of photons is expressed in nanometers, the
lifetime (
τ
) is given in seconds, the rate con-
stant (
centimeters per second, and the rate constant
(
) for three body processes is expressed in
centimeters to the sixth power per second. All
rate constants correspond to room tempera-
ture [90].
K
k
) for pairwise processes is in cubic
Type
Number
Typical process
Parameters
O
C
C
10
7
s
1
a
Photo-
1
„
ω
C
O
!
e
ν
D
3
O
2
10
7
s
1
a
processes
2
„
ω
C
O
2
!
C
e
ν
D
4
N
2
10
7
s
1
a
3
„
ω
C
N
2
!
C
e
ν
D
3
10
17
cm
2
4
„
ω
C
O
2
!
σ
max
O(
1
D
)
O(
3
P
)
C
O
1.4 s
1
a
5
„
ω
C
!
O
C
e
ν
D
O
2
0.3 s
1
a
6
„
ω
C
!
O
2
C
e
ν
D
O(
1
S
)
O(
1
D
)
7
!
C„
ω
τ
D
0.8 s,
λ
D
558 nm
O(
1
D
)
O(
3
P
)
8
!
C„
ω
τ
D
140 s,
λ
D
630 nm
N(
2
D
5/2
)
N(
4
S
)
10
5
s,
9
!
C„
ω
τ
D
1.4
λ
D
520 nm
N(
2
D
3/2
)
N(
4
S
)
10
4
s,
10
!
C„
ω
τ
D
6
λ
D
520 nm
O
2
Ionization
11
e
C
O
2
!
C
e
N
2
12
e
C
N
2
!
C
e
N
2
10
7
cm
3
/s
Recom-
13
e
C
!
N
C
N
k
D
2
O
2
10
7
cm
3
/s
bination
14
e
C
!
O
C
O
k
D
2
NO
C
10
7
cm
3
/s
15
e
C
!
N
C
O
k
D
4
N
4
10
6
cm
3
/s
16
e
C
!
N
2
C
N
2
k
D
2
O
2
O
C
10
6
cm
3
/s
b
17
C
N
2
!
k
ef
D
2
O
C
O
2
C
N
2
O
2
O
2
10
25
cm
6
/s
18
C
C
O
2
!
3O
2
K
D
1.6
NO
2
NO
C
C
10
25
cm
6
/s
19
C
N
2
!
K
D
1
NO
C
NO
2
C
N
2
O
2
10
30
cm
6
/s
Electron
20
e
C
2O
2
!
C
O
2
K
D
3
O
2
10
31
cm
6
/s
attachment
21
e
C
O
2
C
N
2
!
C
N
2
K
D
1
O
C
10
10
cm
3
/s,
22
e
C
O
2
!
O
k
D
2
ε
D
6.5 eV
O
C
10
10
cm
3
/s
Negative ion
23
O
3
!
e
C
2O
2
C
2.6 eV
k
D
3
O
2
10
10
cm
3
/s
detachment
24
C
O
2
!
e
C
O
3
C
0.62 eV
k
D
3
O
C
10
12
cm
3
/s
25
O
2
!
e
C
O
3
0.42 eV
k
<
1
10
10
cm
3
/s,
Dissociation
26
e
C
O
2
!
2O
C
e
k
D
2
ε
>
6eV
