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will have been developed for monitoring protein dynamics and interactions in their
native environment.
9.5
Conclusion
Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy has come far in the last several years, and
promises to continue to reveal a large amount of new information about biological
systems that would otherwise remain hidden. Some of the more established single-
molecule fluorescence methodologies are now being used by those whose main
expertise is in biology rather than in optics. We expect this trend to accelerate, and
hope we have encouraged those interested in single-molecule uorescence spectros-
copy to enter this exciting field.
Acknowledgments
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 for
T.A.L. and NIH grant GM069709-01, DOE grant 02ER63339 and DOE grant
04ER63938 to S.W.
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