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Fig. 3.3 A turf hummock in the Mackenzie delta, Canada including ( a ) a photograph of the profi le
with horizons delineated and ( b ) a sketch showing the horizons (Bockheim and Tarnocai 1998 )
of the active layer. A description of the equipment used for coring, trenching, and
handling frozen soil samples is given in Tarnocai ( 1993 ). The most common tool
employed is a portable gasoline-powered concrete breaker (Fig. 3.5 ). The soil is
excavated down to the ice-cement and the hammer is used to break up chunks that
can be removed by hand to the desired depth. Carrying the breaker to remote sites
and operating it for sustained periods of time can be very tedious. During the period
of snow-cover, a gasoline-powered drill rig mounted on a sledge can be towed with
a snow-machine to remote sites. The drill shown is equipped with a SIPRE core bar-
rel for sampling to depths of 2 m or more in the frozen active layer and underlying
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