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Fig. 2.1 Schematic diagram
of a three-layer conceptual
model. Note formation of ice
lenses ( black ellipses ),
upward growth of secondary
and tertiary ice wedges into
the transition zone, and an ice
vein protruding from tertiary
ice wedge (Bockheim and
Hinkel 2005 )
Fig. 2.2 A cryoturbated soils
from arctic Alaska. The flag
pins denote the end-of-season
permafrost table. An organic
horizon and streaks of
organic-rich mineral soil
occur below the permafrost
table (Photo by J. Bockheim)
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