Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 8.3
(continued)
Depth
(cm)
pH
H
2
O
OC
(%)
CEC
(cmol
c
/kg)
BS
(%)
Silt
(%)
Clay
(%)
CaCO
3
(%)
Site
Horizon
Bgjj 30-35
5.6 5 17 10 37 18
Cgf1 35-62
6.5 4 12 13 32 16
Cgf2 62-82 6.5 3 13 20 38 15
Typic Mollorthels, Nova
ya Zemlya, Russia (Goryachkin and Karavaeva
2004
)
Ak1
0-10
7.7
10
6
Ak2
10-20
8.3
6.8
5.5
Bk1
20-28
8.6
1.3
2.1
Bk2
28-55
8.4
0.77
0.27
Typic Spodorthels, Nova
ya Zemlya, Russia (Goryachkin and Karavaeva
2004
)
O
0-2
6.3
56
92
AO
2-4
5.6
9.7
25
95
EA
4-6
5.8
3.8
7.3
96
Bhs
6-16
5.5
2.4
2.3
73
BC
16-25
5.4
1.6
2.2
71
R
25-50
1
Sapric Glacistels, Prudho
e Bay, AK (Ping et al.
1998
)
Oa1
0-18
7.1
23
79
100
17
Oa2
18-39
6.6
15
29
61
47
11
2
Oaf
50-80
6.6
22
49
99
42
7
2Cf
39-80
8.1
0.3
2
100
10
1
22
2Wf
50-100
7
Typic Fibristels, Wrigley,
NTW, Canada (Tarnocai
1973
)
Oi
0-23
2.7
62
83
12
0
Oif1
23-79
3.0
62
106
31
0
Oif2
79-140
4.2
64
97
49
0
Oif3
140-200
4.4
57
111
60
0
2Cgf
200-257
6.9
39
100
47
33
0
10
Typic Hemistels, Fort Si
mpson, NWT, Canada (Tarnocai and Bockheim
2011
)
Oe1
0-54
5.6
37
0
Oe2
54-60
4.8
32
0
Oef
60-165
6.0
31
0
Cf
165-175
7.1
0.9
41
10
1.7
8.6
Summary
The circumarctic region contains 11.4 million km
2
, or 83 % of the cryosols
worldwide. The climate of the circumarctic varies geographically and is deter-
mined by proximity to oceans, elevation, and latitude. Most of the circumarctic
contains continuous permafrost. However, discontinuous, sporadic, and isolated
permafrost may occur in the Low Arctic. Active-layer depths range from 0.4 to
