Biomarkers in integrated ecotoxicological sediment assessment - Sedimentology of Aqueous Systems - page 156

Table 6.7 Selected procedures for spiking sediments.

Sediment Sediment treatment Quality assessment

Contaminant Solvent Natural Collection Mass Sieved Stored Procedure Mixing Equillibration Effi ciency Degradation Reference

Inorganic metals

CdCl 2 - Yes - 400 g 4 mm 5 wk Seawater Water/sed. 6-9 wk 100 0 Simpson et al. (2000)

Cu(NO 3 ) 2 - Yes 0.64 μ m < 1d,4 °C Seawater Water/sed. 0 100 0 Phelps et al. (1983)

CuCl 2 /ZnCl 2 Deox.

dH 2 O

Yes - 30kg 2 mm 2 wk,

4 °C

Wet Shake/rolled 40d - - Hutchins et al. (2007)

CuSO 4 - Yes - 400 g 4 mm 5 wk Seawater Water/sed. 6-9 wk 100 0 Simpson et al. (2000)

ZnSO 4 Methanol Yes Ekman

dredge

- - > mth Slurry Stirring > mth - - Watanabe et al. (1997)

- Yes - 400 g 4 mm 5 wk Seawater Water/sed. 6-9 wk 100 0 Simpson et al. (2000)

ZnCl 2 HCl Yes - 400 g 1 mm - Wet Blender 60 d; 4 °C - Mayer et al. (2001)

Organotins

TBTCl TBA Yes Jeskins

sampler

6-7 kg - 47 d Wet Wet rolling 47 d 72 0.25 Stronkhorst et al.

(1999)

Methanol Yes Ekman

dredge

- - > mth Slurry Stirring > mth - - Watanabe et al. (1997)

Methanol PACS-
2

- 2 g - ? Slurry - - - - Chiron et al. (2000)

-
20 °C

Acetic
acid

no - 20 g - - Slurry Stirring - - 0.4 Hartl et al. (2000)

TBT (paint chips) - Yes - - - ? -20 °C Wet Mixing 24 h 18 °C - 0.03 Schratzberger et al.

(2002)

DBTCl Methanol Yes Ekman

dredge

- - mth Slurry Stirring mth - - Watanabe et al. (1997)

> >

TPhTCl Methanol PACS-

2

- 2 g - ? -20 °C Slurry - - - - Chiron et al. (2000)

Acetic
acid

no - 20 g - - Slurry Stirring - - 0.4 Hartl et al. (2000)

Dioxins

TCDD Hexane Yes - 200 g - ? 4 °C Dried Wet rolling 14 d 93 0.675 Barber et al. (1998)

HCBD Hexane Yes - - - 6 wk,

4 °C

Wet rolling 6 wk, 4 °C 1.8 Fuchsman et al. (2000)