Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
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Glossary
Allele: a variant of a gene
aCGH: oligonucleotide array comparative genome hybridization, aka oaCGH or arrayCGH
Alignment: positioning of two homologs in close proximity of each other
Aneuploid: alteration in copy number, more or less than two copies, or major portion of, a chromosome
Backcross: crossing a mutant phenotype to wild-type
Balancer: genetic construct that reduces crossing over allowing maintenance of the heterozygote
CGC: Caenorhabditis Genetics Centre, in Minneapolis, MN
Cis-heterozygote: mutations on the same homolog
Conditional: phenotype is dependent on certain conditions, for example, temperature
Complex rearrangement: more than one DNA rearrangement
Crossing Over: physical breakage and reunion of homologous DNA
Crossover suppressor: prevents crossing over between homologs
Deficiency: a deletion that removes a copy of one or more adjacent genes
Deletion: one copy of a portion of the DNA
Duplication: an extra copy of a portion of DNA
EMS: ethyl methane sulfonate, a commonly used chemical mutagen
Enhancer: strengthening of the mutant phenotype
Essential gene: the gene whose function is required for survival
FISH: Fluorescent in situ hybridization
Gene: a unit of DNA encoding an RNA
Gene conversion: biological substitution of one allelic form for another in a heterozygote
Gene interaction: phenotype produced by two or more mutant phenotypes
Genetic map: map based on crossover distances between phenotypic markers
Genetic nomenclature: rules for writing phenotypes, genotypes, and gene products
Genotype: description of a gene
GFP: green fluorescent protein
Hermaphrodite: individual producing both sperm and oocytes
Heterozygote: two different allelic copies of a gene
Homolog: copy of a chromosome
Homozygote: two identical copies of a gene
Him: high incidence of males
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