Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
tun state can tolerate freezing to evaporating temperatures from -253 to 151
◦
C,
X-rays, vacuum and pressure up to 600 MPa, approximately, 6,000 times of atmo-
spheric pressure at sea level [61]. A summary of some prominent extremophilic
organisms and their habitat environmental extremes are being presented in Table 1.
Ta b l e 1
Extremophiles in different physical and geochemical environmental extremes
Environmental
Parameters
Types
Definition
Examples
References
Growth> 80
◦
C
Temperature Hyper-
thermophiles
Pyrolobus fumarii
[15]
Aquifex
Pyrococcus
Pyrodictium
Sulfolobus
Thermococcus
Thermoproteus
Thermotoga
[26]
[25]
[25]
[61]
[25]
[25]
[25]
Growth 60-80
◦
C
Thermophiles
Synechococcus lividis
Methanobacterium
Thermoplasma
Thermus
[54]
15-60
◦
C
Mesophiles
Homo sapiens
[61]
<15
◦
C
Psychrophiles
Psychrobacter
,
Alteromonas
[25]
Radiation
γ
-radiation
>15kGy
Deinococcus
radiodurans
[9]
γ
- radiation
>15 kGy
Rubrobacter
Dunaliella bardavil
[32]
[10]
Pressure
Psychro-
piezophile
130 MPa
Colwellia hadaliensis
BNL-1
Moritella japonica
DSK-1
Moritella yayanosii
DB21MT-5
Photobacterium
profundum
SS9
Photobacterium
profundum
DSJ4
Shewanella benthica
Shewanella
violocea
DSS12
[72]
75-94 MPa
[50]
50 MPa
[71]
80 MPa
[8, 21]
28 MPa
[90, 91]
50-70 MPa
30 MPa
[50, 80]
[70, 93]
Thermophilic-
pizophiles
51 MPa
Methanococcus igneus
[41]
75 MPa
Methanococcus
jannaschii
Pyrococcus
sp. ES4
Pyrococccus
sp. GB-D
Thermococcus
barophilus
[41, 67]
45 MPa
20 MPa
40 MPa
[88]
[45]
[65]
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