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CH 3
O
O
O
OH
CH
CH 2
C
O
CH
CH 2
COH
O
R1
HO
(CH 2 ) 6
OH
(CH 2 ) 6
CH 3
CH 3
CH 3
O
O
O
OH
CH
CH 2
C
O
CH
CH 2
C
OH
O
R2
HO
CH 3
O
(CH 2 ) 6
(CH 2 ) 6
O
OH
HO
CH 3
CH 3
OH
CH 3
O
O
OH
CH
CH 2
C
OH
O
R3
HO
(CH 2 ) 6
OH
CH 3
CH 3
O
O
OH
CH
CH 2
C
OH
O
R4
HO
CH 3
O
(CH 2 ) 6
O
OH
HO
CH 3
OH
FIGURE 3.5 Structure of four different rhamnolipids. (From Mulligan, C.N., Curr. Opin.
Colloid Interface Sci ., 14(5), 372, 2009.)
RHAMNOLIPID PROPERTIES
Numerous properties of rhamnolipids make them suitable for many applications.
Many of their properties, such as their versatility and their ability to perform deter-
gency; their foaming, wetting, emulsifying, demulsifying, solubilizing, and thick-
ening; as well as their solubilizing, dispersing, metal sequestering, vesicle forming
and phase dispersion; antimicrobial activities against both phytopathogenic fungi
and bacteria; and also their thermostability and ecological compatibility, outperform
other biosurfactants and synthetic surfactants. These properties make rhamnolipids
 
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