Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
3
Rhamnolipids
Characteristics, Production,
Applications, and Analysis
Fereshteh Arab and Catherine N. Mulligan
CONTENTS
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 50
Rhamnolipid-Producing Microorganisms ................................................................ 52
Pseudomonas
Strains .......................................................................................... 53
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
.................................................................................... 54
Pseudomonas chlororaphis
................................................................................. 56
Pseudomonas putida
........................................................................................... 57
Pseudomonas fluorescens
.................................................................................... 59
Pseudomonas alcaligenes
................................................................................... 60
Burkholderia
Strains ........................................................................................... 60
Burkholderia pseudomallei
............................................................................ 60
Burkholderia glumae
...................................................................................... 61
Burkholderia plantarii
.................................................................................... 61
Burkholderia thailandensis
............................................................................ 61
Enterobacter
sp. .................................................................................................. 62
Rhamnolipid Production .......................................................................................... 62
Optimization of the Rhamnolipid Biosynthesis ....................................................... 67
Isolation of Rhamnolipid Producers.................................................................... 67
CTAB Agar Test ............................................................................................. 68
Hemolytic Test................................................................................................ 68
Isolation of the New Strains ........................................................................... 69
Isolation of New Nonpathogenic Rhamnolipid Producers .................................. 70
Genetically Engineered Microorganisms for Rhamnolipid Production .............. 71
Use of Low-Cost Substrates ................................................................................ 72
Optimization of the Growth Environment ........................................................... 77
Recovery of By-Products .................................................................................... 77
Rhamnolipid Structure ............................................................................................. 78
Rhamnolipid Properties ........................................................................................... 80
Micelle Characteristics ........................................................................................ 81
Surface-Active Properties of Rhamnolipids ........................................................ 83
Antimicrobial and Cytolytic Properties of Rhamnolipids ................................... 85
Biodegradability of Rhamnolipids ...................................................................... 87
49
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