Amphiphilic Molecules of Microbial Origin Classification, Characteristics, Genetic Regulations, and Pathways for Biosynthesis - Biosurfactants: Research Trends and Applications - page 33

TABLE 2.1
Various Types of Microbial Amphiphiles and Their Producer Microbes

Biosurfactants Microorganisms Reference

Glycolipids
Rhamnolipids Pseudomonas aeruginosa Hisatsuka et al. (1971)

P. chlororaphis Gunther et al. (2005)

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Rooney et al. (2009)

Trehalose lipids R. erythropolis Rapp et al. (1979)

Arthrobacter sp. Li et al. (1984)

Mycobacterium sp. Cooper et al. (1989)

Sophorolipids C. bombicola Cavalero and Cooper (2003)

C. borgoriensis Cutler and Light (1979)

T. apicola Hommel et al. (1987)

Ustilago maydis Hewald et al. (2005)

Mannosylerythritol lipids C. antarctica Kitamoto et al. (1992)

Cellobiolipids T. petrophilum Cooper and Paddock (1983)

U. zeae Boothroyd et al. (1956)

Lipopeptides
Surfactin/iturin/fengycin B. subtilis Arima et al. (1968)

Viscosin P. fluorescens Neu et al. (1990)

Lichenysin B. licheniformis Yakimov et al. (1995)

Serrawettin S. marcescens Matsuyama et al. (1992)

Subtilisin B. subtilis Bernheimer and Avigad (1970)

Arthrofactin Arthrobacter sp. strain MIS38 Morikawa et al. (1993)

Plipastatin B. subtilis Volpon et al. (2000)

Amphisin Pseudomonas sp. Sørensen et al. (2001)

Putisolvin P. putida Kuiper et al. (2004)

Surface active antibiotics
Gramicidin B. brevis Marahiel et al. (1977)

Polymyxin B. polymyxa Suzuki et al. (1965)

Fatty acids C. lepus Cooper et al. (1978)

Neutral lipids N. erythropolis MacDonald et al. (1981)

Flavolipids Flavobacterium sp. strain MTN11 Bodour et al. (2004)

Phospholipids T. thiooxidans Beebe and Umbreit (1971)

Polymeric surfactants
Emulsan A. calcoaceticus Zosim et al. (1982)

P. fluorescens Persson et al. (1988)

Alasan A. radioresistens Navon-Venezia et al. (1995)

Liposan C. lipolytica Cirigliano and Carman (1985)

Lipomanan C. tropicalis Kappeli et al. (1984)

Biodispersan A. calcoaceticus Rosenberg et al. (1988)

Yansan Yarrowia lipolytica Amaral et al.(2006)

Particulate biosurfactants
Vesicles A. calcoaceticus Kappeli and Finnerty (1979)

Emulcyan Phormidium J-1 Fattom and Shilo (1985)