Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
10
Enhancement
of Remediation
Technologies with
Biosurfactants
Catherine N. Mulligan
CONTENTS
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 232
Environmental Technologies .................................................................................. 233
Soil Flushing ..................................................................................................... 233
Soil Washing...................................................................................................... 234
Background on Surfactants and Biosurfactants ..................................................... 237
Surfactants ......................................................................................................... 237
Biosurfactants .................................................................................................... 237
Environmental Applications of Biosurfactants ...................................................... 239
Rhamnolipids .................................................................................................... 239
Effect of Rhamnolipids on Contaminant Biodegradation ............................ 239
In Situ Soil Flushing Studies by Rhamnolipids ........................................... 252
Remediation of Oil-Contaminated Water by Rhamnolipids ........................ 254
Effect on Biodegradation and Contaminant Removal by Sophorolipids .......... 255
Surfactin ............................................................................................................ 256
Studies by Surfactin...................................................................................... 256
Remediation of Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Water by Surfactin ................ 257
Studies with Other Biosurfactants ..................................................................... 258
Ex Situ Washing Studies by Other Biosurfactants ....................................... 258
New Biosurfactants with Potential for Environmental Applications ..................... 258
New Technologies .................................................................................................. 260
Conclusion and Future Directions ......................................................................... 261
References .............................................................................................................. 267
231
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