All-Optical Frequency Shifting - Optical Signal Processing by Silicon Photonics - page 94

in alliance with traditional electrical signal paths to “concentrate” a large number
of the electrical-pinouts onto one optical waveguide [ 59 ].
To cope with the light signal deterioration due to miscellaneous optical com-
ponents during propagation, optical reshaping, reamplification (2R), and retiming
(3R) is necessary. Generally, a CW pump is used in 2R and a clocked modulated
(CM) pump is employed for 3R. Higher order four-wave mixing (HO-FWM) was
used for 3R regeneration in [ 60 ] with a CM pump. Ozdal Boyraz demonstrated
nanoscale signal regeneration using nonlinear phenomenon of FWM that has
already been discussed. Gaete et al. demonstrated different techniques in FWM
to improve 2R and extinction ratio. In one experiment an input pump signal at
1,552 nm with 1,546 nm probe combines to generate 1,558 nm idler, extinction
ratio increased was 4.2 dB at about 100 mW pump signal intensity.
The generated idler has the timing information about the input signal but no
timing jitter improved. With the use of CM pump [ 61 ] instead of CW the extinc-
tion ratio can be improved along with timing jitter reduction in the matter of
nanoscale structures (Fig. 7.8 ).
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