Climate Change Mitigation - Climate Resilient Agriculture for Ensuring Food Security - page 328

These sustainable and organic farming sys-
tems provide the best long-term approach to deal-
ing with climate change; the best future for our
farmers, ranchers, and rural communities; and
the best overall food and farming system for our
people.

responses must also refl ect global impacts and
interlinkages.
• Trade will play a critical role in both mitiga-
tion and adaptation, but will itself be shaped
importantly by climate change.

References

13.7 Conclusions

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The IPCC has reported that agriculture is respon-
sible for over a quarter of total global greenhouse
gas emissions (Brown 2005 ). Given that agricul-
ture's share in global gross domestic product
(GDP) is about 4 %, these fi gures suggest that
agriculture is highly greenhouse gas intensive.
Innovative agricultural practices and technolo-
gies can play a role in climate mitigation and
adaptation. This adaptation and mitigation poten-
tial is nowhere more pronounced than in develop-
ing countries where agricultural productivity
remains low; poverty, vulnerability, and food
insecurity remain high; and the direct effects of
climate change are expected to be especially
harsh. Creating the necessary agricultural tech-
nologies and harnessing them to enable develop-
ing countries to adapt their agricultural systems
to changing climate will require innovations in
policy and institutions as well. In this context,
institutions and policies are important at multiple
scales.
Travis Lybbert and Daniel Sumner (Mimura
et al. 2007 ) suggest six policy principles:
• The best policy and institutional responses
will enhance information fl ows, incentives,
and fl exibility.
• Policies and institutions that promote eco-
nomic development and reduce poverty will
often improve agricultural adaptation and may
also pave the way for more effective climate
change mitigation through agriculture.
• Business as usual among the world's poor is
not adequate.
• Existing technology options must be made more
available and accessible without overlooking
complementary capacity and investments.
• Adaptation and mitigation in agriculture will
require local responses, but effective policy