Agriculture Reference
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Third, ranking of the options is done based on
such characteristics as importance, urgency,
no-regret, co-benefi ts for other domains, and
mitigation effect as judged by the experts. The
importance (i.e., effectiveness in avoiding
damages) of an option refl ects the level of
necessity to implement that option in order to
avoid negative impacts. These options can
reduce major damages related to climate
change and could generate substantial gross
benefi ts. The urgency of the option relates to
the need of implementing the adaptation
option immediately or whether it is possible to
defer action to a later point in time. “No-regret”
options are the adaptation options for which
non-climate-related benefi ts, such as improved
air quality, will exceed the costs of implemen-
tation; hence, they will be benefi cial irrespec-
tive of future climate change taking place. The
criterion “co-benefi t” has been specifi cally
designed to reduce the climate change-related
vulnerability while producing corollary bene-
fi ts that are not related to climate change
(Abramovitz et al.
2002
). In the effect on miti-
gation, the adaptation options will also induce
a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and
thus score very high on mitigation effect. The
ranking is based on a weighted summation of
the scores on the criteria (1) importance
(weight 40 %), (2) urgency (weight 20 %), (3)
no-regret characteristics (weight 15 %), (4)
co-benefi ts (weight 15 %), and (5) mitigation
effect (weight 10 %) (de Bruin et al.
2009
).
Fourth, ranking of the options is done accord-
ing to the feasibility criteria. The feasibility is
scored based on the technical, societal, and
institutional complexities that accompany the
implementation of proposed measures. The
following criteria of weightaging are used:
technical complexity (20 %), societal com-
plexity (40 %), and institutional complexity
(40 %) (de Bruin et al.
2009
). Technical com-
plexity refers to the technical diffi culties and
challenges which accompany the realization
of the adaptation option, such as the technical
facilities that have to be realized or mobilized;
the technological uncertainties which accom-
pany the implementation; and the uniqueness
12.13.2.2 Technologies and Practices
Improving supply chain effi ciency to avoid
postharvest and transition losses
To align production systems with market
demand for mitigating the risks
Strengthening of local market for improving
the access of farmers to quality and timely
inputs such as seeds, pesticides, fertilizers,
credit, insurance, and information
12.14
Adaptation Priorities
and Opportunities
The objectives are to outline the approach for
identifi cation of potential adaptation options for
agriculture and prioritize the potential adaptation
options to respond to the climate change. The
whole exercise can be undertaken through a
workshop in which experts with wide experience
on adaptation participate. Experts may be invited
from the scientifi c, technical, and farming com-
munities besides policymakers and youths. The
ranking and prioritization of the adaptation
options are carried out using the following four
steps:
First, various potential adaptation options
based on literature survey are identifi ed and
listed for the experts. Additional options are
sought from the experts based on their experi-
ence and a composite list is prepared.
Second, the experts are asked to rank (1-5
scale) those options based on the qualitative
assessment of each priority. Scores are
attached for each of the options and for each
of the criteria, ranging from 1 to 5, indicating
very low priority (1) to very high priority (5).
The number of experts giving a particular
rank (1-5) to each option is counted which is
multiplied by 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, to
get the total score. The 10 most relevant
options are short-listed based on this total
score and subjected to further ranking and
prioritization.
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