Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.3 Commercially available genetically modifi ed herbicide-tolerant crops (Castle et al. 2006 )
Target trait
gene(s)
Originating
company
Year of fi rst
commercial sale Trade name
Trait phenotype
Trait designation
Crop
Cotton
Resistance
to glyphosate
herbicides
CP4 epsps
MoB1445/1698
Monsanto
1996
Roundup Ready
Resistance to
phosphinothricin
herbicides
bar
LLCotton25
Bayer Crop
Science
2005
LibertyLink
Corn
Resistance
to glyphosate
Maize epsps
GA21
DeKalb
(now Monsanto)
1998
Roundup Ready
Two CP4 epsps
expression
cassettes
NK603
Monsanto
2001
Roundup Ready
Corn 2
Resistance to
phosphinothricin
herbicides
pat
T14, T25
Aventis
(now Bayer
Crop Science)
1996
LibertyLink
Soybean
Resistance
to glyphosate
herbicides
CP4 epsps
GTS-40-3-2
Monsanto
1996
Roundup Ready
Canola
Resistance
to glyphosate
herbicides
CP4 epsps,
gox v247
GT73
Monsanto
1996
Roundup Ready
Resistance to
phosphinothricin
herbicides
pat
Topas 19/2
Agrevo
(now Bayer
Crop Science)
1995
LibertyLink
Alfalfa
Resistance
to glyphosate
herbicides
CP4 epsps
J101, J163
Monsanto
2005
Roundup Ready
10.12
Research Needs
incorporating these into management actions
in conjunction with NRM regional bodies and
other stakeholders.
• Research and understanding the interactions
between climate change, weeds, biodiversity,
and primary production, including negative
and positive impacts: improving knowledge of
those impacts to develop specifi c impact
reduction actions. This includes planning for
situations where invasive plants may provide
ecosystem functions (connectivity, harbor)
that may no longer be provided by native spe-
cies under altered climates.
• Raising community awareness and sharing
knowledge of the increased impacts of invasive
plants on biodiversity and primary production
under climate change: providing opportunities
for public participation in impact reduction
actions.
Climate change is listed as a key threatening pro-
cess under the Environment Protection and
Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Governments
should undertake adaptation research and develop
action plans to reduce the impact of climate
change:
• Identifying priority areas for research and
monitoring of the response of invasive plants
to climate change.
• Monitoring, recording, and analyzing changes
in distribution, abundance, and impact of inva-
sive plants to ensure management practices
are adapted to minimize future impacts on
biodiversity and primary production.
• Developing adaptation methodology and
initiatives that reduce the impacts of invasive
plants on biodiversity in future climates and
 
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