Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 7.2
Impact of
increased
temperature on insect
population buildup
Table 7.2 Expected responses of Heteroptera species and communities under two scenarios of further climate change
(Musolin 2007 )
Categories of responses
Slight temperature increase (<2 °C)
Substantial temperature increase (>2 °C)
Distribution range
Likely to shift in some species, especially
those capable of long-distance fl ights and
associated with ornamental plants and/or
urban habitats
Likely to shift in many species
Abundance
Likely to increase in multivoltine species
with fl exible life cycles
Likely to change, depending on the
community response
Phenology
Slight to moderate advance of early-season
events
Substantial advance of early season and
some delay of late season events
Voltinism
An additional generation in some
multivoltine species with fl exible life cycles
One or more additional generation(s) in
some multivoltine and univoltine species
(with facultative diapause)
Physiology and behavior
Slight/undetectable changes
Evident/detectable changes (e.g., in
parameters of photoperiodic responses)
Community structure
Similar to currently observed
Increased species richness; substantial
changes in structure
number of warm days will benefi t from increas-
ing average temperatures and produce more gen-
erations and appear early when spring
temperatures are high. Species which require
higher temperature before they lay their eggs
tend to have increased reproductive activity.
Musolin ( 2007 ) concludes that warming in
temperate regions may have manifold effects on
bugs. Table 7.2 shows the responses on bugs
(Heteroptera) to slight and substantial tempera-
ture increases compiled by Musolin ( 2007 ).
Studies on aphids and moths have shown that
increasing temperatures can allow insects to
reach their minimum fl ight temperature sooner,
aiding in increased dispersal capabilities (Zhou
et al. 1995 ). Increased temperatures will acceler-
ate the development of cabbage maggot, onion
maggot, European corn borer, and Colorado
 
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