Going Mainstream - GPS Declassified: From Smart Bombs to Smartphones - page 148

that Secretary of State Colin Powell would sign an agreement with the Euro-
pean Commission covering interoperability between Galileo and gps. eu ana-
lysts at the time estimated that the global satellite navigation hardware and
services market had doubled, from $12 billion in 2002 to $24 billion in 2003,
and forecast it to reach an astounding $364 billion by 2020. 204
On December 8, 2004, President Bush signed a presidential directive cre-
ating the National Executive Committee for Space-Based Positioning, Navi-
gation and Timing. 205 This successor to the interagency board President
Clinton established in 1996 updated the structure and mission to reflect changes
in the government, the marketplace, and security needs over the preceding
decade. While the secretaries of defense and transportation continued to chair
the committee jointly, its membership expanded to include officials from the
Departments of State, the Interior, Agriculture, and Commerce, the newly cre-
ated Homeland Security Department, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and nasa, as
well as observers from the White House and fcc as liaisons. Perhaps most
tellingly, the directive established a permanent staff for the organization—a
civilian bureaucracy in Washington dc being the surest sign that gps had
become a permanent and integral part of daily life.