Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Final Responsibilty
Monitor
Support/Co-operate
ACTORS
Framework
Exploration
Construction
Operation
Closure
Post-Closure
Set roles and
Responsibles
Monitor and
inform
Government
Monitor, enforce, inform
Mining
Company
Initial monitoring
then support
Support
Consult - design site with closure in view - partnership
Integrate closure planning in business processes form and
sustain partnerships with company and others
Support
Community
FIGURE 21.1
Who Does What and When in Mine
Closure
Local
Government
Begin regional planning processes with closure in mind early on
set-up and sustain partnerships - sustainable economic activities
Support
The host government sets roles and
responsibilities, and enforces regulatory
requirements. The mining company
plans and implements mine closure,
and provides the necessary funding.
Source:
IFC 2002
NGOs/Civil
Society Org.
Links to international NGOs -
capacity building for local communities - monitor and inform
Support
International
Agencies
Disseminate best practice - develop and propagate standards and guidelines -
work with government, companies and communities
Support
carried out during construction; and the nature, dimensions and physical properties of waste
rock storages and tailings impoundments. As a consequence of these constraints the design
of landforms usually involves compromises between what is desirable and what is practi-
cally achievable. The overriding objective of landform design is to produce landforms that
are compatible with the intended land use(s), and that landforms are stable. A subsidiary
objective is that new landforms should be similar in appearance and functionality to natural
The design of landforms usually
involves compromises between
what is desirable and what is
practical.
CASE 21.1
Closure of the Kelian Gold Mine in Indonesia
Until now, the largest mine in Indonesia to carry out the
closure process is the Kelian Gold Mine in Kalimantan. At
the time that closure was being planned (the early 2000s),
the Indonesian environmental regulatory system was in
transition from central to regional autonomy, and there
were no offi cial regulations or standards on which
to base mine closure plans. In order to achieve 'buy
in' of stakeholders, the operator - Kelian Equatorial
Mining - decided to use a forum-based, participatory
approach. To this end, a Mine Closure Steering Committee
was established, comprising representatives of key stake-
holder groups from central, regional and local government;
local communities; traditional authorities; and company rep-
resentatives. The aim of this committee, which met quar-
terly over a two-year period, was to achieve responsible
closure, through an accountable and transparent process.
Outcomes included:
●
Agreement of environmental and social standards, including
water quality standards for ongoing discharges, rehabilita-
tion standards, and social mitigation programmes;
●
Identifi cation of appropriate authorities and transitional
provisions for company assets and community pro-
grammes; and
●
Establishment of environmental trust funds for mainte-
nance and contingency purposes.
doing, and we could have then tried to persuade them to
buy in. We could have tried to do it bilaterally with our
various stakeholders, but there is too much confl ict and
competition between the various stakeholders. The most
important thing … is the buy in, and we would not have
got it! So … I don't think there was another way that it
would work. The only way you get buy in is to involve the
people and you have to do it in a forum.'
Source: Kunanayagam, R. (2006). Sustainable Mine Closure -
Issues and Lessons Learnt. In : Proc. 1st Int. Seminar on
Mine Closure, Perth, Australia, 13-15 September, 2006
Eds : Fourie, A. and Tibbett, M.
Kelian Equatorial Mining saw this process as an invest-
ment for sustainable mine closure. In the words of its
Managing Director (Charles Lenegan), 'We could have done
it ourselves and we could have told people what we were
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