Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
in urban cities, even more so in areas where road conditions may be hazardous and trafi c
unpredictable. Accordingly only appropriately trained and experienced drivers should be in
charge of i eld vehicles. Not surprisingly access to most mine sites requires specii c training
and induction and a special driving licence. Modern mines typically allow access to vehicles
i tted with specii c equipment to maximize visibility, and safety equipment such as air bags.
Diesel vehicles are preferred for reasons of greater range and fuel safety, particularly for
off-road use. Vehicles used for i eld trips should be well-maintained and equipped with
adequate spare parts and tools, according to the area and length of trip. Care is required
when loading vehicles to maintain a low centre of gravity and to adequately secure items
adequately in the cabin or on roof racks. Luggage should always be securely stowed.
Netting, mesh or solid barriers between the rear luggage compartment and cabin protect
occupants from loose objects, which may be propelled through the cabin if the vehicle
stops suddenly. Vehicles should be driven with caution and attention to the prevailing road
and weather conditions.
Only vehicles designed and/or equipped for the purpose should travel on unsealed
roads. The vehicle should be selected for the type of terrain likely to be encountered.
Drivers should be familiar with the vehicle before embarking on the trip. Drivers intend-
ing to use four wheel drive (4WD) vehicles should have received training in 4WD or be
able to demonstrate experience in driving such vehicles. Drivers should be familiar with
routine maintenance procedures such as checking oil, water, tyre pressure, coolant, and
battery, and changing tyres. Drivers should also be aware of the fuel capacity and range of
the vehicle. Prior to setting out, the driver should check the vehicle to ensure it has been
adequately maintained, and is equipped with all necessary tools, spare parts, and special
equipment for the trip. A check should be made that the luggage is secure. Rest stops and
fuel stops should be used to check that the vehicle is operating normally with respect to
tyre pressure, engine leaks, etc, and that the luggage remains secured. Every day, before
setting out, check the oil, water, fuel, battery l uid, coolant, brake l uid, and tyre pressures,
and ensure that the controls are working.
Driving times and distances should be planned to prevent fatigue. Usually a driver should
not drive for more than about two hours before changing over or taking a short break that
incorporates some light physical activity such as walking. Driving at night is more hazard-
ous than during daytime and should be minimized. Drivers should always heed applica-
ble road rules, including those pertaining to consumption of alcohol. Driving should always
be done at safe and legal speeds. Safe speeds depend upon the road and weather condi-
tions, experience of the driver, time of day, alertness of the driver and the vehicle itself.
Unfamiliarity with the road or conditions and the possible presence of animals contribute to
driving hazards. Occupants should wear seat belts when travelling in vehicles.
Particular care is required when driving through human settlements. In many develop-
ing countries, roads through towns and villages are commonly rudimentary; blind turns
and crests, and general unfamiliarity with trafi c may add to the hazards of driving. Slow
speeds and great care are required to safely negotiate such areas.
Use of Boats
Boating i eld trips must comply with the requirements of maritime legislation. Personnel
in charge of boats are responsible for ensuring they have the appropriate licences and any
appropriate boat registrations are obtained. Boats should be well-maintained and equipped
with adequate spare parts and tools, according to the area worked and the length of
the trip. Care must be taken when loading boats. The maximum capacity that the boat
can carry must be displayed on the boat and must not be exceeded. Boats must contain
adequate safety devices such as distress l ares and personal l otation devices. Only boats
 
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