Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 5.1
The Three Main Categories of Commercial Minerals - Deposits of fossil fuels do not fi t the rigorous defi nition of minerals of chemists, but are frequently
referred to as fuel minerals in the mining industry.
Metallic Ores
Ferrous and ferroalloys
Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten,
vanadium, and cobalt (Co)
Non-ferrous
Base metals
Precious metals
Lightweight metals
Radioactive metals
Rare Earth metals
Polymetallic metals copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and the metal tin
Gold (Au), silver (Ag), and the platinum family
Aluminium (Al), magnesium (Mg), beryllium, and titanium
Uranium (U), Thorium (Th), Radium (Ra)
Lanthanide series
Mercury
Other minor metals
Arsenic, bismuth, gallium, selenium
Non-Metallic Ores (Industrial Materials)
Dimension stones
Marble, granite, limestone, sandstone, slate
Crushed and broken stones
All principal types of stones
Sand and gravel
Alluvial sediments
Clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals
Kaolin, bentonite, clay, shale
Chemical and fertilizer minerals
Potash, salt, phosphate rock, Guano
Other non-metallic minerals
Sulphur (S)
Gemstones
Diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, jade, opals, topaz, etc
Mineral Fuels (Fossil Fuels)
Peat
Coal
Brown coal, lignite, coking coal, bituminous coal
Oil
Oil, oil sand, oil shale
Gas
Methane, coal bed methane
Metallic Ores
Metallic ores encompass ores of ferrous and ferroalloy metals (iron, manganese, nickel,
chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, and vanadium); base metals (copper, lead, tin,
and zinc); precious metals (gold, silver, and the platinum family); light metals (aluminium,
magnesium, beryllium, and titanium); radioactive metals (uranium, thorium, and radium);
rare Earth metals (lanthanide series); mercury and a wide range of minor metals.
 
 
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